Artificial Intelligence in India

 

CONCEPT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Definitions:
There are many Definition of AI some of them are here

1. The ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.
2. A machine completing the tasks which involve a certain degree of intelligence which was previously deemed only to be done by humans.
3. Is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, and self-correction.
4. The capability of a machine to imitate the intelligent human behavior

All the definitions above are correct, but it really depends on “how close or how well a computer can imitate or go beyond, when compared to human being”

Artificial intelligence generally implies machines exhibiting traits or human intelligence. The important traits of human intelligence include observing, taking inputs from the observations, reasoning and rationalizing, decision making, manipulations, learning from behavior and patterns, communicating, analyzing complex situations and performing tasks to achieve goals and targets.
At present, the “subfields of AI” like machine learning, autonomous systems, natural language processing, robotics and artificial creativity are popular areas of research.

Development of artificial intelligence

In 1956, American computer scientist John McCarthy organized the Dartmouth conference, in which the term ‘Artificial Intelligence’ was first adopted. Since then, the world has explored ideas of the potential
Machines to look at social problems using knowledge data and competition.
There used to be several dedicated projects on the same and the government was funding research.
Questions of ethics arise in every aspect of science, and especially when one starts looking at empowering machines to behave and act like humans. Around the late 70s and 80s there was a time when governments would shut down Funding research in AI.
AI experienced a resurgence in the 21st century following concurrent advances in computer power and large amounts of data and theoretical understanding.
AI technology has now become an essential part of the technology industry which is helping to solve many challenging problems in computer-science. From Apple Siri to self-driving cars, AI is advancing rapidly.

Example: There are millions of algorithms and codes to understand human commands and perform human-like tasks. Facebook’s suggested friends list for its users, a pop-up page, is telling about a
The upcoming sale of favorite brands of shoes and clothes that pop up on the screen while browsing the Internet is a work of artificial intelligence.
A complex technology: AI involves complex things such as feeding a particular data into a machine and making it respond to different situations. It’s basically about creating a self-learning pattern where Machines can answer questions that have never been answered like humans will ever.

Artificial intelligence is a different technology

AI is different from hardware-driven robotic automation. Instead of automating manual tasks, AI consistently performs high volume computerized tasks reliably.
AI is often misunderstood for machine learning. AI is a broad concept with a bunch of technologies that include machine learning and other technologies such as natural language processing, inference algorithms, neutron networks, etc.

STRONG AND WEAK AI

There are two types of artificial intelligence: strong artificial intelligence (SAI) and weak artificial intelligence (WAI). What has been actually called strong AI is actually ‘full AI’.
A full AI means a machine becoming capable of performing all intelligence tasks that a human being can perform. In this, a machine would not exhibit selective fragments of human intelligence but would rather behave like a human being in terms a consciousness.
Full AI is also known as “artificial general intelligence”. Human beings reason, use strategy, solve problems make judgments, use commonsense, plan, learn, communicate, and integrate all these to achieve their goals. To test the artificial general intelligence of machines, some test have been suggested. These are Turing Test (human and machine talk), Coffee Test (a machine can make coffee at your home), College Admission Test (a machine can enroll admission, join class and clear exam to get degree) and important job). There are different thrust areas of AI research those are mentioned in Table below.

Machine Learning: This is the field in which computers are given the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
Autonomous Systems: A system that learns on its own to perform various tasks.
Language Processing The field of interaction between machines and human languages.
Robotics in entirely is not just AI but there is a field of AI-powered robots. Artificial Creativity using computer. E.g. Aiva is an AI-powered system that can compose soundtracks. Google’s project Magenta is all about AI application in arts.

FROM ARTIFICIAL GENERAL INTELLIGENCE TO APPLIED AI

AI research began in the United States with particular interest in developing machines that could translate from Russian to English and vice-versa. This was in context of Cold War with the then Soviet Union.
The revival of AI has taken place now with strides having been made in the applied aspect of Artificial Intelligence. The focus is now on developing AI for solving particular problems. Scientists are optimistic that this approach to AI is better than the top down approach, in which the research initially was focused on developing an artificial brain that would behave like a human brain.
The applications that are attracting maximum attention are machine learning, robotics, autonomous systems and natural language processing. Autonomous systems are systems with the ability to acquire or create content, interpret and develop knowledge from that content to make a decision on the basis of that interpretation. They are now applied in the development of driverless cars and drones and fraud detection. Prominent examples of driverless cars includes Waymo of Google S, model X and model 3. In February 2017, Dubai announced that its sky would soon see driverless drones for ferrying people. The passenger just needs to press a button and it takes off vertically.
Robotics is another area experiencing significant changes that have the potential to knock off many human relations. It has the potential to revolutionize areas of medicines, manufacturing, defence, personal assistants, hospitality industry, personal uses, etc., Many AI projects brought worldwide.
India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has developed a robot called Daksh, which can destroy life-threatening objects. Apart from applications like these, AI-powered robotics has been developed for entirely different uses.

Source Credit: SA BLOG

Read full Article here : Opportunities & Challenges Of Artificial Intelligence in India